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India must build the foundational models underpinning the artificial intelligence (AI) age or risk becoming merely a consumer of the disruptive technology, according to the country’s only not-for-profit Al entity, which is also the largest benefactor of the government’s $1.2-billion Al mission.

India joined 34 other countries in a US-led AI supply chain initiative at the Pax Silica Summit. The move signals wider cooperation on chips, compute capacity and resilient technology networks.

On 12 June, the United States Department of Commerce gave Anthropic, one of America’s leading artificial intelligence companies, 90 minutes to restrict its two most powerful models to US citizens. Rather than building nationality checks at that notice, the company withdrew the models — Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5 — from the market altogether. Overnight, researchers, doctors, educators, and developers in more than a hundred countries, India among them, lost access to tools many had built their work around.

India’s recent AI summit showcased global leadership, but a critical data infrastructure gap hinders enterprises. Poor data quality and outdated governance frameworks prevent AI from delivering consistent, trustworthy results. Leaders must now shift from treating governance as a checkpoint to embedding it as operational infrastructure to ensure AI’s reliable execution and compliance with evolving regulations, paving the way for true AI-driven transformation.